All forms of magnesium can help with anxiety, magnesium is a natural relaxant. There's no form that's specifically contraindicated in pregnancy. Magnesium glycinate is usually the best form to take for absorption and minimal side effects, the least likely to cause diarrhea. Any pregnant woman should be supplemented with 240-480 mg (10-20 mmol) magnesium per day. Magnesium supplementation should begin as soon as possible, continue until birth, and be continued postnatally. In severe renal disease, oral magnesium supplementation is contraindicated. Soft stools can be easily avoided by taking equal doses throughout ...Magnesium sulfate combined with low-dose aspirin can significantly reduce adverse reactions and effectively lower blood pressure in patients with pregnancy induced hypertension, but the overall efficacy and safety of the combination of drugs are not clear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of magnesium sulfate ... Feb 4, 2016 · Magnesium. I take magnesium all the time, but find it especially helpful in pregnancy. Severe magnesium deficiency can lead to poor fetal growth, preeclampsia, or even fetal death. Proper magnesium levels also help mom’s tissue growth and recovery during pregnancy and may help baby receive more nutrition through the placenta. Supplementing with magnesium may help to decrease the occurrence of pregnancy complications such as hypertension, preeclampsia, placental dysfunction, premature labor, growth restriction, and gestational diabetes especially in pregnant people from disadvantaged backgrounds.Some prefer taking the product in the morning while others prefer taking it later in the day. Consistent intake of Natural Vitality CALM® on a daily or regular basis is the best way to experience the benefits and achieve an optimum magnesium intake.Can I take calm magnesium while pregnant? Many expecting mothers wonder whether or not it’s safe to take magnesium while pregnant. The good news is that there is no research suggesting magnesium can adversely affect your or baby! At worst, you will experience some side effects from excess magnesium, such as: Nausea. Can i take calmag supreme while pregnant. it has calcium magnesium vit c and acetycholine? it helps with calm nerves. Calmag: The composition of the supplement sounds ok, but you should ask your pregnancy doc because he needs to be comfortable with your choice. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone.Aug 31, 2017 · Numerous studies assessed the effect of Mg supplement in preventing of preeclampsia in pregnant women. Bullarbo et al. in a clinical trial designed study concluded that Mg supplementation prevents increasing of diastolic blood pressure during the last weeks of pregnancy. [ 37] Rudnecki et al. in a double-blind, randomized controlled study found ... Feb 1, 2018 · Magnesium is both a mineral and an electrolyte. It is the fourth most abundant mineral in the body. It is necessary for electrical activity in the heart and the brain. It is a cofactor in more than 300 reactions within the body. The recommended daily allowance is about 400 to 420 milligrams for men and 310 to 360 milligrams for women. 4. Lavender Essential Oil. Diffusing soothing essential oils is another great way to combat anxiety. Lavender is the perfect gentle and safe oil for pregnancy! If you have other oils that you want to try, Plant Therapy offers a great resource for which oils are safe in pregnancy and/or breastfeeding. Side effects. The most commonly reported side effects caused by magnesium citrate include: Stomach and intestinal issues like gas, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and stomach cramping. Imbalance in your electrolytes, or levels of minerals and compounds like sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride, and phosphate in your blood.Beyond preventing eclampsia, taking magnesium supplements during pregnancy has numerous advantages. Magnesium is also useful for treating other, more widespread pregnancy ailments. Magnesium eases constipation frequently associated with pregnancy and prevents the discomfort of leg cramps by working to relax muscles.Feb 14, 2023 · Known to induce drowsiness, antihistamines are also an ingredient in some over-the-counter sleep aids intended to treat occasional sleeplessness. Among pregnant people, antihistamines are used to alleviate morning sickness and indigestion. About 10 to 15 percent of pregnant people use an antihistamine at some point during pregnancy. While craving chocolate in the second half of your cycle is common, the better solution would be to supplement with magnesium. There are a couple of ways to supplement with magnesium. One way is to take a powdered form or ionic form of magnesium. Natural Calm and ReMag are two brands that I recommend.All forms of magnesium can help with anxiety, magnesium is a natural relaxant. There's no form that's specifically contraindicated in pregnancy. Magnesium glycinate is usually the best form to take for absorption and minimal side effects, the least likely to cause diarrhea.Known to induce drowsiness, antihistamines are also an ingredient in some over-the-counter sleep aids intended to treat occasional sleeplessness. Among pregnant people, antihistamines are used to alleviate morning sickness and indigestion. About 10 to 15 percent of pregnant people use an antihistamine at some point during pregnancy.PRODUCT DETAILS. Item No. 0380242. Natural Vitality CALM Magnesium Supplement Drink Mix is a convenient powder drink mix that helps support healthy magnesium levels while delivering a calming experience you can feel (1). Formulated with magnesium carbonate and citric acid, Natural CALM magnesium powder combines with water to create a magnesium ... Natural Calm is a supplement that has the capability to dissolve in water making it easier to be absorbed in the body. The supplement contains magnesium which one of the essential supplements in the body. Magnesium plays a bigger role in our body systems. It carries out the following processes: Helps in maintaining normal muscle and nerve functionPregnancy constipation relief: Ways to feel better. Here are some tips for preventing and easing constipation when you're pregnant: Drink plenty of water. Try to have 10 to 12 cups of water or other beverages daily. (Or sip throughout the day until your urine is clear or pale yellow in color – a sign of adequate hydration.)Jul 25, 2023 · Natural Calm is a supplement that has the capability to dissolve in water making it easier to be absorbed in the body. The supplement contains magnesium which one of the essential supplements in the body. Magnesium plays a bigger role in our body systems. It carries out the following processes: Helps in maintaining normal muscle and nerve function Sep 29, 2017 · Magnesium is among the most essential minerals for ensuring a healthy pregnancy. This specific mineral helps in creating and regenerating body tissues. What`s the Role of Magnesium during Pregnancy? Magnesium and calcium function together in the body, just as calcium needs vitamin D to accomplish its purpose. Magnesium relaxes muscles, while calcium stimulates muscles to Magnesium Chloride is one of the best kinds of magnesium you can take while pregnant. It does so many things that can improve a pregnancy. Most notably, it promotes a deep, restful sleep by creating a sense of calm in both the body and mind, and can be used against the ever so irritating leg cramps.Aug 20, 2023 · Stop using magnesium gluconate and call your doctor at once if you have any of these serious side effects: nausea or vomiting; fast or slow heart rate; feeling light-headed, fainting; or. warmth, tingling, or redness under your skin. Continue taking magnesium gluconate and talk to your doctor if you have any of these less serious side effects: The Benefits of Magnesium During Pregnancy & Postpartum. Whether insufficient magnesium levels cause any of the below requires a lot more research. However, given magnesium’s role in the functioning of the body, it’s likely that adequate consumption can address a number of challenges that arise during pregnancy. Let’s take a look.Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy: A condition that occurs in early pregnancy, usually starting before 9 weeks of pregnancy. Nutrients: Nourishing substances found in food, such as vitamins and minerals. Obstetric Care Provider: A health care professional who cares for a woman during pregnancy, labor, and delivery. Side effects. The most commonly reported side effects caused by magnesium citrate include: Stomach and intestinal issues like gas, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and stomach cramping. Imbalance in your electrolytes, or levels of minerals and compounds like sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride, and phosphate in your blood.Dec 29, 2022 · For breastfeeding moms, magnesium helps relieve restless leg syndrome and can improve mood. While getting magnesium from foods like spinach and nuts is important, adding a magnesium supplement can help ensure you’re getting enough of this essential nutrient every day – potentially improving your overall health. Known to induce drowsiness, antihistamines are also an ingredient in some over-the-counter sleep aids intended to treat occasional sleeplessness. Among pregnant people, antihistamines are used to alleviate morning sickness and indigestion. About 10 to 15 percent of pregnant people use an antihistamine at some point during pregnancy.Aug 8, 2023 · Magnesium may help to quiet the nerves in the body that keep people awake. However, while experts recommend melatonin for treating some sleep disorders, magnesium may not be something that a doctor recommends unless a person has another reason to take it, such as evidence of low magnesium levels. How to Use Magnesium for Sleep All forms of magnesium can help with anxiety, magnesium is a natural relaxant. There's no form that's specifically contraindicated in pregnancy. Magnesium glycinate is usually the best form to take for absorption and minimal side effects, the least likely to cause diarrhea. Aug 11, 2021 · However, chronically low levels can increase the risk of high blood pressure, heart disease, type 2 diabetes and osteoporosis. Too much magnesium from foods isn't a concern for healthy adults. However, the same can't be said for supplements. High doses of magnesium from supplements or medications can cause nausea, abdominal cramping and diarrhea. Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy: A condition that occurs in early pregnancy, usually starting before 9 weeks of pregnancy. Nutrients: Nourishing substances found in food, such as vitamins and minerals. Obstetric Care Provider: A health care professional who cares for a woman during pregnancy, labor, and delivery. Beyond preventing eclampsia, taking magnesium supplements during pregnancy has numerous advantages. Magnesium is also useful for treating other, more widespread pregnancy ailments. Magnesium eases constipation frequently associated with pregnancy and prevents the discomfort of leg cramps by working to relax muscles.Some prefer taking the product in the morning while others prefer taking it later in the day. Consistent intake of Natural Vitality CALM® on a daily or regular basis is the best way to experience the benefits and achieve an optimum magnesium intake.When taking magnesium while pregnant, I prefer to take about half of the dose the packaging suggests. The recommended daily intake of magnesium for pregnant women age 31 and over is 360 mg and 350 mg for pregnant women 30 and under. Make sure to check the magnesium content in your prenatal and factor that in as well.Oct 28, 2019 · For pregnant people 18 or older, the requirements are increased to 350–360 mg per day ().Certain diseases and conditions are associated with magnesium deficiency, including high blood pressure ... Magnesium sulfate combined with low-dose aspirin can significantly reduce adverse reactions and effectively lower blood pressure in patients with pregnancy induced hypertension, but the overall efficacy and safety of the combination of drugs are not clear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of magnesium sulfate ... Taking Natural Calm is not something that I'd be worried about as a NEGATIVE. In fact, I highly recommend Magnesium in Pregnancy. If you are truly concerned about the health of your baby, I'd highly suggest reading The Better Baby Book to see what your doctor is not going to tell you about how to have a healthy baby. PS: If you appreciate the ...Aug 8, 2023 · Magnesium may help to quiet the nerves in the body that keep people awake. However, while experts recommend melatonin for treating some sleep disorders, magnesium may not be something that a doctor recommends unless a person has another reason to take it, such as evidence of low magnesium levels. How to Use Magnesium for Sleep All forms of magnesium can help with anxiety, magnesium is a natural relaxant. There's no form that's specifically contraindicated in pregnancy. Magnesium glycinate is usually the best form to take for absorption and minimal side effects, the least likely to cause diarrhea. Sep 23, 2019 · Researchers state that the correct dose of magnesium supplements can not only treat some pregnancy disorders, but it may also help prevent preeclampsia, preterm delivery, low birth weight and other problems that may occur. These findings justify the need for additional magnesium during pregnancy. Jul 26, 2021 · Pregnancy Benefits. While remaining replete in magnesium is beneficial to fertility, addressing magnesium deficiency prior to conception can also be crucial to maintaining a healthy pregnancy. One of the most immediately obvious ways a healthy magnesium intake can help is by keeping your cortisol levels under control. Aug 25, 2022 · Is It Safe To Take Magnesium While Pregnant? Many expecting mothers wonder whether or not it’s safe to take magnesium while pregnant. The good news is that no research suggests magnesium can adversely affect you or your baby. Oct 28, 2019 · For pregnant people 18 or older, the requirements are increased to 350–360 mg per day ().Certain diseases and conditions are associated with magnesium deficiency, including high blood pressure ... May 3, 2021 · Magnesium oxide is a form of magnesium commonly taken as a dietary supplement. It has a lower bioavailability than other forms of magnesium, but it may still offer benefits. Mainly, it’s used to ... Any pregnant woman should be supplemented with 240-480 mg (10-20 mmol) magnesium per day. Magnesium supplementation should begin as soon as possible, continue until birth, and be continued postnatally. In severe renal disease, oral magnesium supplementation is contraindicated. Soft stools can be easily avoided by taking equal doses throughout ...Slow-Mag may cause serious side effects. Stop using Slow-Mag and call your doctor at once if you have: nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, loss of appetite, increased thirst or urination; muscle pain or weakness, joint pain; confusion, feeling tired or restless; or. slow heart rate, drowsiness, feeling light-headed.Magnesium is an essential nutrient to support a healthy pregnancy. It plays many vital roles and functions in your body. For example, magnesium can help fight common pregnancy complaints such as insomnia, headaches, and leg cramps. Ideally, your diet and prenatal vitamin will include enough magnesium to meet your daily requirement.Nov 30, 2022 · Dr. Scott Kramer answered. Gynecology 38 years experience. No: Magnesium will also helps counter pregnancy's tendency for constipation and leg cramps. Decrease the amount if you get very loose stools. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Learn how we can help. Feb 1, 2018 · Magnesium is both a mineral and an electrolyte. It is the fourth most abundant mineral in the body. It is necessary for electrical activity in the heart and the brain. It is a cofactor in more than 300 reactions within the body. The recommended daily allowance is about 400 to 420 milligrams for men and 310 to 360 milligrams for women. Any pregnant woman should be supplemented with 240-480 mg (10-20 mmol) magnesium per day. Magnesium supplementation should begin as soon as possible, continue until birth, and be continued postnatally. In severe renal disease, oral magnesium supplementation is contraindicated. Soft stools can be easily avoided by taking equal doses throughout ... May 13, 2021 · The product: Natural Vitality Calm Gummies. Magnesium is an all-star player in more than 300 biochemical reactions in the body that influence things like nerve and muscle function, blood pressure regulation, and blood glucose control. According to the National Institutes of Health, around 48 percent of Americans of all ages don’t get enough ... Pregnancy / Diet & Fitness Magnesium during pregnancy Magnesium during pregnancy is important for almost every system in your body – and your baby's body. Depending on your age, you need anywhere from 350 to 400 milligrams of magnesium every day while you're pregnant. It's pretty easy to get your daily requirement with a healthy, varied diet.Aug 8, 2023 · Magnesium may help to quiet the nerves in the body that keep people awake. However, while experts recommend melatonin for treating some sleep disorders, magnesium may not be something that a doctor recommends unless a person has another reason to take it, such as evidence of low magnesium levels. How to Use Magnesium for Sleep Some prefer taking the product in the morning while others prefer taking it later in the day. Consistent intake of Natural Vitality CALM® on a daily or regular basis is the best way to experience the benefits and achieve an optimum magnesium intake.How to take. Take daily. Anytime you’re ready to relax, mix up a cup of CALM and enjoy with or without food. Step 1: Start with half a teaspoon (1g) daily and gradually increase to two leveled teaspoons (4g) per day as needed. Place powder in a glass or mug, add 2-3 oz. of hot or cold water. Feb 1, 2020 · According to Dr. Carolyn Dean, author of the book The Magnesium Miracle, muscle cramps related to the menstrual cycle can also be related to magnesium levels. She recommends women with bad PMS and cramps take magnesium early in their cycles before the symptoms begin. High Blood Pressure / Hypertension. For pregnant people 18 or older, the requirements are increased to 350–360 mg per day ().Certain diseases and conditions are associated with magnesium deficiency, including high blood pressure ...Taking magnesium is helpful for treating and preventing magnesium deficiency. Magnesium deficiency usually occurs when people have liver disorders, heart failure, vomiting or diarrhea, kidney dysfunction, and other conditions. High blood pressure during pregnancy (pre-eclampsia and eclampsia). Administering magnesium intravenously (by IV) or as ...Mar 12, 2020 · The typical daily dosage recommendations for these nutrients are: Calcium: 1,000 mg — 100% of the Daily Value (DV) Magnesium: 400–500 mg — 100–125% of the DV. Zinc: 15–50 mg — 136 ... Feb 14, 2023 · Known to induce drowsiness, antihistamines are also an ingredient in some over-the-counter sleep aids intended to treat occasional sleeplessness. Among pregnant people, antihistamines are used to alleviate morning sickness and indigestion. About 10 to 15 percent of pregnant people use an antihistamine at some point during pregnancy. Folic acid supplementation is recommended for all women of reproductive age and who are pregnant, as it helps prevent neural tube defects or abnormalities, such as spina bifida. Ideally, women should take a daily folic acid supplement for at least one month before conception. Ginger has also been shown to be helpful for nausea and vomiting ...Feb 14, 2023 · Known to induce drowsiness, antihistamines are also an ingredient in some over-the-counter sleep aids intended to treat occasional sleeplessness. Among pregnant people, antihistamines are used to alleviate morning sickness and indigestion. About 10 to 15 percent of pregnant people use an antihistamine at some point during pregnancy. Yes, you can drink Natural Calm while pregnant. It is a calming magnesium drink and is considered safe to consume during pregnancy. Magnesium is a healthy element that promotes fertility. It also helps to prevent severe pregnancy conditions such as growth restriction of the fetus, pre-eclampsia (high blood pressure and protein in urine during ... Known to induce drowsiness, antihistamines are also an ingredient in some over-the-counter sleep aids intended to treat occasional sleeplessness. Among pregnant people, antihistamines are used to alleviate morning sickness and indigestion. About 10 to 15 percent of pregnant people use an antihistamine at some point during pregnancy.Folic acid supplementation is recommended for all women of reproductive age and who are pregnant, as it helps prevent neural tube defects or abnormalities, such as spina bifida. Ideally, women should take a daily folic acid supplement for at least one month before conception. Ginger has also been shown to be helpful for nausea and vomiting ...Nov 14, 2022 · In general, milk of magnesia is safe to use during pregnancy. But, keep in mind that just like any other drug, there are still some risks. For instance, it's possible for this laxative to interact with some of your other medications and supplements. Milk of magnesia also is known to cause issues for people on low magnesium diets or for those ... Aug 8, 2023 · Magnesium may help to quiet the nerves in the body that keep people awake. However, while experts recommend melatonin for treating some sleep disorders, magnesium may not be something that a doctor recommends unless a person has another reason to take it, such as evidence of low magnesium levels. How to Use Magnesium for Sleep In a study done with pregnant rats, researchers observed no toxicity effect on the mother or the developing fetus at levels up to 2000 mg/kg/day (3). If you have come across certain “mommy blogs” talking about the positive effects of ashwagandha during pregnancy, tread lightly. These mother-to-mother support systems are helpful in some ways. Numerous studies assessed the effect of Mg supplement in preventing of preeclampsia in pregnant women. Bullarbo et al. in a clinical trial designed study concluded that Mg supplementation prevents increasing of diastolic blood pressure during the last weeks of pregnancy. [ 37] Rudnecki et al. in a double-blind, randomized controlled study found ...lower blood pressure. reduce the risk of stroke, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes. improve bone health. prevent migraine headaches. One supplement people with magnesium deficiencies use ...Any pregnant woman should be supplemented with 240-480 mg (10-20 mmol) magnesium per day. Magnesium supplementation should begin as soon as possible, continue until birth, and be continued postnatally. In severe renal disease, oral magnesium supplementation is contraindicated. Soft stools can be easily avoided by taking equal doses throughout ... Mar 12, 2020 · The typical daily dosage recommendations for these nutrients are: Calcium: 1,000 mg — 100% of the Daily Value (DV) Magnesium: 400–500 mg — 100–125% of the DV. Zinc: 15–50 mg — 136 ... Sep 23, 2019 · Researchers state that the correct dose of magnesium supplements can not only treat some pregnancy disorders, but it may also help prevent preeclampsia, preterm delivery, low birth weight and other problems that may occur. These findings justify the need for additional magnesium during pregnancy. Magnesium supplementation during pregnancy may be able to reduce fetal growth restriction and pre-eclampsia, and increase birthweight. Objectives: To assess the effects of magnesium supplementation during pregnancy on maternal, neonatal/infant and paediatric outcomes.Sep 23, 2019 · Researchers state that the correct dose of magnesium supplements can not only treat some pregnancy disorders, but it may also help prevent preeclampsia, preterm delivery, low birth weight and other problems that may occur. These findings justify the need for additional magnesium during pregnancy. When taking magnesium while pregnant, I prefer to take about half of the dose the packaging suggests. The recommended daily intake of magnesium for pregnant women age 31 and over is 360 mg and 350 mg for pregnant women 30 and under. Make sure to check the magnesium content in your prenatal and factor that in as well. I have a question. I already asked my OB doctor if it's okay for me to take Natural Calm magnesium drink, and he said "yes," but I wasn't exactly comforted because he didn't seem to know much about it and seemed kind of confused when I showed him the bottle. Drugs.com has magnesium citrate listed as category C, which isn't comforting either. For pregnant people 18 or older, the requirements are increased to 350–360 mg per day ().Certain diseases and conditions are associated with magnesium deficiency, including high blood pressure ...Apr 3, 2014 · Magnesium supplementation during pregnancy may be able to reduce fetal growth restriction and pre-eclampsia, and increase birthweight. Objectives: To assess the effects of magnesium supplementation during pregnancy on maternal, neonatal/infant and paediatric outcomes. Pregnant. Under 19 years: 400 mg/day 19 to 30 years: 350 mg/day 31 years and up: 360 mg/day. Breastfeeding. ... Magnesium can be lost during refinement and processing. Magnesium Risks.
Oct 20, 2021 · Magnesium oxide is frequently used in pill form to prevent migraine, usually at a dose of 400-600 mg per day. Acutely, it can be dosed in pill form at the same dosage or given intravenously as magnesium sulfate at 1-2 gm. The most frequent side effect is diarrhea, which can be helpful in those prone to constipation. . Rent houses under dollar600
Slow-Mag may cause serious side effects. Stop using Slow-Mag and call your doctor at once if you have: nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, loss of appetite, increased thirst or urination; muscle pain or weakness, joint pain; confusion, feeling tired or restless; or. slow heart rate, drowsiness, feeling light-headed.Oct 12, 2021 · Here are some tips for preventing and easing constipation when you're pregnant: Drink plenty of water. Try to have 10 to 12 cups of water or other beverages daily. (Or sip throughout the day until your urine is clear or pale yellow in color – a sign of adequate hydration.) May 13, 2021 · The product: Natural Vitality Calm Gummies. Magnesium is an all-star player in more than 300 biochemical reactions in the body that influence things like nerve and muscle function, blood pressure regulation, and blood glucose control. According to the National Institutes of Health, around 48 percent of Americans of all ages don’t get enough ... Pregnancy constipation relief: Ways to feel better. Here are some tips for preventing and easing constipation when you're pregnant: Drink plenty of water. Try to have 10 to 12 cups of water or other beverages daily. (Or sip throughout the day until your urine is clear or pale yellow in color – a sign of adequate hydration.)Nov 11, 2022 · In essence, yes. A good, moderate dose of magnesium is about 100 to 350 milligrams daily, says Dr. Winter. That dose should be void of any side effects. Avena reiterates that the best form of ... Apr 3, 2014 · Magnesium supplementation during pregnancy may be able to reduce fetal growth restriction and pre-eclampsia, and increase birthweight. Objectives: To assess the effects of magnesium supplementation during pregnancy on maternal, neonatal/infant and paediatric outcomes. For many years, magnesium has been described as a crucial factor for cellular activity. In this chapter, a brief overview of pharmacology and genetics of magnesium transport will be followed by a review of clinical and biological studies of Mg-vitamin B6 supplementation in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism (autistic spectrum disorders family, ASD) in children. Although ... For pregnant people 18 or older, the requirements are increased to 350–360 mg per day ().Certain diseases and conditions are associated with magnesium deficiency, including high blood pressure ...In a study done with pregnant rats, researchers observed no toxicity effect on the mother or the developing fetus at levels up to 2000 mg/kg/day (3). If you have come across certain “mommy blogs” talking about the positive effects of ashwagandha during pregnancy, tread lightly. These mother-to-mother support systems are helpful in some ways. Nov 29, 2022 · Common side effects of magnesium lactate may include: diarrhea; bloating, gas; or. upset stomach. This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088. Magnesium lactate side effects (more detail) Aug 14, 2023 · Magnesium citrate Pregnancy Warnings. Magnesium citrate has been assigned to pregnancy category C by the FDA. Animal or reproductive studies have not been reported. Magnesium citrate should only be given during pregnancy when benefit outweighs risk. See references. .